The Basics of a Reciprocating Compressor

A world without modern conveniences is difficult to imagine, and central to many of these conveniences are reciprocating compressors. Found in an array of household devices, reciprocating compressors work silently behind the scenes, often unnoticed, yet playing an integral role in our daily lives.

The secret behind your air conditioner's cooling function, your refrigerator's preservation capabilities, and even the functionality of some types of vacuum cleaners, is a reciprocating compressor. Reciprocating compressors are essential components that power these domestic devices. Their role involves taking in low-pressure gas, compressing it, and ejecting it at a higher pressure, a simple yet critical operation.

In this blog, we explore the unseen yet powerful influence of these compressors, delving into their operation, significance, and the vital role they play within various household devices. Get ready to uncover the mechanics of your everyday appliances, unmasking the little-known world of reciprocating compressors.

A reciprocating compressor, also known as a piston compressor, is a type of machine that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. The word "reciprocating" means "back and forth" which is the exact movement the pistons in this type of compressor make.

A reciprocating compressor has a cylinder and a piston. The piston moves back and forth inside the cylinder, helping to compress the gas. Here's a basic idea of how it works:

(Picture 1) The journey begins with the cylinder, the compressor's heart, where the refrigerant is compressed. Next is the Piston, the workhorse that creates pressure for the compressor to operate effectively.

(Picture 2) Then, there is the crankshaft that drives the piston's movement. Its rotation is converted into a linear motion driving the piston back and forth in a reciprocal motion.

(Picture 3) The connecting rod acts as the link between the crankshaft and the piston. It converts the rotational motion of the crankshaft into the linear motion of the piston.

(Picture 4) As the piston retreats within the cylinder, it creates a low-pressure area. In response to this pressure difference, the suction valve opens, allowing the refrigerant to flow into it.

(Picture 5) The piston then compresses the refrigerant raising its high pressure and temperature. The suction valve closes as the refrigerant is compressed. This prevents the compressed refrigerant from flowing back into the intake. Once the refrigerant reaches the desired pressure, the discharge valve opens, heading to the condenser where it releases the heat. And just like that, the cycle repeats itself. This efficient and rhythmic process delivers a consistent flow of high-pressure gas.

Reciprocating compressors are highly efficient and can achieve high pressure, making them suitable for various commercial and residential applications.

In each of these applications, the fundamental principle remains the same: the reciprocating compressor helps to manipulate the pressure and temperature of a gas, enabling the device to heat, cool, or dehumidify as required.